公路工程的一般采用鋼筋混凝土制作。現采用鋼波紋涵管代替鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)進行涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)(shi)工在國(guo)內時一(yi)項(xiang)新技(ji)術，以其性(xing)能穩定、安裝方便、有(you)利環保、造價(jia)低等優點迅速在公(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中代替了鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的涵(han)洞，發(fa)展(zhan)前景非(fei)常廣闊(kuo)。在公(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中，應用鋼(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)管代替鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)進行涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的歷史已經有(you)100多年了。
1896年，美(mei)國(guo)率行(xing)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)通道、涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)可行(xing)性(xing)研究。其后(hou)，在美(mei)國(guo)、加拿大、澳大利(li)亞(ya)等國(guo)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中，均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。1990年，日本高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，規范制定(ding)了(le)(le)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)技術規范。隨著在世界各地的(de)(de)安(an)裝使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，證明了(le)(le)此(ci)種結構在各種使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況下的(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)。在我(wo)國(guo)改革開放(fang)后(hou)，深圳及(ji)大同煤礦開始從國(guo)外進(jin)(jin)口成品(pin)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。之后(hou)，上海(hai)(hai)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)管(guan)(guan)理處、上海(hai)(hai)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)研究院(yuan)、上海(hai)(hai)同濟大學對金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)動(dong)、靜(jing)載(zai)試驗(yan)，結果表(biao)明能滿足設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要求，填(tian)補了(le)(le)國(guo)內的(de)(de)空白(bai)，且迅速得到推廣應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。幕墻一貫(guan)反應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于我(wo)國(guo)各地公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)當中。鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)投入到了(le)(le)青海(hai)(hai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)當中，三年的(de)(de)實(shi)踐證明，鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)在北方寒(han)冷地區(qu)完全(quan)符(fu)合公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)當中的(de)(de)涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要求。陜西(xi)通途交通設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)是(shi)一家生產(chan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)涵(han)(han)洞通道用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）的(de)(de)企業，主要產(chan)品(pin)包括(kuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)涵(han)(han)洞通道用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）、相關配套設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)有橋梁支座、伸縮(suo)縫、鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)腹(fu)板(ban)(ban)橋、聲(sheng)屏障、鋼(gang)便橋、土工(gong)(gong)材(cai)料、防水(shui)材(cai)料、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)掛網、防眩板(ban)(ban)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)護(hu)欄等交通基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)和其他相應(ying)的(de)(de)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)。
實(shi)踐證明，用鋼波紋涵(han)管代替鋼筋混(hun)凝土進(jin)行涵(han)洞施(shi)工，無論從施(shi)工周期、施(shi)工造價、環保意義等(deng)方面都有(you)其不可(ke)比擬的(de)優越性(xing)，且用進(jin)行涵(han)洞施(shi)工，可(ke)大大提高(gao)道(dao)路行車(che)的(de)舒適度(du)與(yu)安全性(xing)，避(bi)免(mian)道(dao)路中(zhong)涵(han)洞的(de)“錯臺(tai)跳車(che)”現(xian)形，有(you)利于解決西北(bei)地區寒冷霜凍(dong)對(dui)砼管涵(han)結構(gou)的(de)破壞問題。
隨著(zhu)公路(lu)建(jian)設(she)、設(she)計、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)趨完善(shan),“設(she)計簡潔(jie)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方便”的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計思想被應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。簡潔(jie)便于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖設(she)計是縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、降低成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑。水是影響路(lu)基強度(du)和穩(wen)定(ding)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要因(yin)素,在公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中圓管(guan)(guan)涵(han)是排(pai)除地表水普(pu)遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)方式。當前,鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝土(tu)圓管(guan)(guan)涵(han)自身笨(ben)重，在運輸、安裝、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序等方面(mian)比較(jiao)繁瑣(suo)。另外(wai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本也(ye)比較(jiao)高。隨著(zhu)鋼(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問世(shi)，鋼(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)逐漸取代(dai)了鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝土(tu)圓涵(han)管(guan)(guan)在鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)等道路(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。本文結合(he)甘肅省合(he)作市至冶(ye)力關鎮二級公路(lu)改建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（以(yi)下稱(cheng)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)）實際(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況對鋼(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和技術要求進行淺(qian)談(tan)。
鋼波紋涵管介紹
鋼波紋涵管（YTHG）是替(ti)代圓(yuan)管(guan)涵(han)、蓋(gai)板涵(han)、拱(gong)涵(han)和小橋的(de)優質公路(lu)和鐵(tie)路(lu)建筑材料。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)具(ju)有工(gong)(gong)期(qi)短、重量輕、安裝方便、耐(nai)久(jiu)性好、工(gong)(gong)程造價低、抗(kang)變形(xing)能(neng)力強、減(jian)少通車后養護成(cheng)本等特點，尤其應用在(zai)高寒凍土(tu)(tu)地(di)區，軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)基地(di)帶，具(ju)有明顯(xian)的(de)經濟效(xiao)益。鋼波紋涵(han)管(guan)有圓(yuan)形(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)、半圓(yuan)形(xing)等，進出(chu)口也可按照(zhao)邊坡比例做成(cheng)斜口，加工(gong)(gong)波紋管(guan)管(guan)徑范(fan)圍Φ0.5m～Φ8m，管(guan)壁厚(hou)度為3mm～7mm，能(neng)夠(gou)滿足填(tian)土(tu)(tu)0.5m～40m厚(hou)的(de)需要(yao)。
公路(lu)工程的(de)涵(han)洞普(pu)通(tong)采(cai)(cai)用鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝(ning)土制造(zao)。現采(cai)(cai)用鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)紋涵(han)管替代鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝(ning)土停止(zhi)涵(han)洞施工在國(guo)際時一(yi)項(xiang)新技術，鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)紋涵(han)管以(yi)其功能波(bo)動、裝置方便、有利環保、造(zao)價高(gao)等(deng)優(you)點迅(xun)速在公路(lu)施工中替代了鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝(ning)土施工的(de)涵(han)洞，開展(zhan)前景(jing)十分寬廣。
在公路施(shi)工(gong)中，使用鋼波(bo)紋(wen)涵管替代鋼筋混凝土停(ting)止涵洞(dong)(dong)施(shi)工(gong)的歷史曾經有(you)100多(duo)年了(le)。在我國變革開放后(hou)，開端(duan)從國外出口成品波(bo)紋(wen)管涵停(ting)止涵洞(dong)(dong)施(shi)工(gong)。之后(hou)，交(jiao)通部迷(mi)信技術研討院對(dui)金屬波(bo)紋(wen)管涵停(ting)止了(le)動、靜載(zai)實(shi)驗，后(hou)果標明能滿足設計運用要求(qiu)，填補(bu)了(le)國際(ji)的空(kong)白，且迅(xun)速失掉推行(xing)使用。
理論證(zheng)明，用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)替代鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)混凝土(tu)停止(zhi)涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，無(wu)論從施(shi)(shi)工(gong)周期(qi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)造(zao)價、環保(bao)意義等方(fang)面都有其(qi)不可(ke)比(bi)較的(de)(de)優越(yue)性(xing)，且用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)停止(zhi)涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，可(ke)大大進步(bu)路途行車(che)(che)的(de)(de)舒過度與平安(an)性(xing)，防(fang)止(zhi)路途中涵(han)洞(dong)的(de)(de)“錯(cuo)臺跳車(che)(che)”現形，有利于處理冰(bing)冷霜凍地域對砼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵(han)構造(zao)的(de)(de)毀壞成績。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)洞(dong)次(ci)要在我國(guo)南方(fang)冰(bing)冷霜凍地域逐(zhu)漸失(shi)掉推行運(yun)用(yong)，有關科研設(she)計部門正在編寫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)計、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)標準。置信隨著對構造(zao)耐久性(xing)看法的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸進步(bu)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在公路或其(qi)他(ta)工(gong)程中將(jiang)具有更(geng)寬廣的(de)(de)使用(yong)前景(jing)。
經過鋼波紋涵管的施工，既放慢了施工進度，較同類型蓋板涵、拱涵施工比擬具有工期短、造價低、耐久性好、對地基擾動小、對根底要求較高等優點,又給其上的高填方提供了充沛的施工工夫，大大延長了工期，從總體工程思索浪費了投資，是普通涵管無法相比的，在公路新、改建工程、養護大中修工程中發揚了重要的作用。//hanihanbj.com/
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