鋼波紋管制造工(gong)藝(yi)分為(wei)先(xian)(xian)鍍鋅(xin)后成(cheng)型和(he)先(xian)(xian)成(cheng)型后鍍鋅(xin)兩種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)。前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)用(yong)鍍鋅(xin)鋼板(ban)直接輾軋成(cheng)型(簡稱(cheng)CSP),后者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)先(xian)(xian)輾軋鋼板(ban),然后進行噴(pen)涂鍍層(ceng),裝(zhuang)配并用(yong)鍍鋅(xin)螺栓和(he)螺母栓固在一起形成(cheng)一個圓管(guan)、拱形管(guan)或其(qi)它外形波(bo)紋管(guan)(簡稱(cheng)SPCSP)。當前(qian),后噴(pen)涂的(de)涂料(liao)已(yi)由過去(qu)的(de)僅鍍鋅(xin)發展到根據壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)要求分別(bie)噴(pen)涂鍍鋅(xin)(鋅(xin)層(ceng)厚度600g/m2以上)、鍍鋁和(he)噴(pen)涂聚(ju)合物涂層(ceng)等,壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)保(bao)證分別(bie)達到50年(nian)~100年(nian)。
如何能防止鋼波紋管出現裂縫的情況?
鋼(gang)(gang)質波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)在國(guo)外有(you)100多年(nian)的制造歷史,美(mei)(mei)國(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)、韓(han)國(guo)、日本(ben)、中國(guo)、印(yin)度和(he)(he)歐洲一些(xie)均有(you)企業出產。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)和(he)(he)加(jia)拿大(da)還設(she)有(you)專門(men)的行(xing)業協(xie)會,1980年(nian)以(yi)來,美(mei)(mei)國(guo)和(he)(he)加(jia)拿大(da)等國(guo)加(jia)強了對(dui)其應用環境、侵蝕機(ji)理、設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)制造等方面的研究(jiu),建立了一整套制造、加(jia)工、設(she)計(ji)、使(shi)(shi)用、檢測規范。2002年(nian)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵協(xie)會(AISI)和(he)(he)加(jia)拿大(da)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)協(xie)會聯合出臺了一系(xi)列鋼(gang)(gang)尺度,見(jian)表1。近兩年(nian),美(mei)(mei)國(guo)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)協(xie)會(NCSPA)綜(zong)合近幾年(nian)的波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)使(shi)(shi)用情(qing)況(kuang),又出版了一系(xi)列的波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)相關手(shou)冊(ce),用于(yu)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)設(she)計(ji)、制造和(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用。
發達已形(xing)成鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)波(bo)紋(wen)管工(gong)業(ye)鏈鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)(han)管又(you)稱金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管涵(han)(han)、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)(han)管、鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)通道、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)通道、波(bo)紋(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)管,由普通熱軋碳(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、不銹鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、耐候鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或者熱鍍鋅熱軋/冷軋鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(海內(nei)通常用厚度為2mm~6mm的(de)Q235或SS400熱軋薄(bo)板(ban)(ban)(ban))加工(gong)而成,帶有(you)波(bo)紋(wen)形(xing)狀(zhuang)并經(jing)由耐侵(qin)蝕處(chu)理(li)(表(biao)面鍍鋅、鍍鋁或噴(pen)涂復合物(wu)涂層)。
從近幾年(nian)的(de)鋼材產量和消(xiao)費(fei)量的(de)增長速度看,鋼鐵(tie)產能過剩已(yi)是業(ye)(ye)界(jie)和社會的(de)共鳴。面臨各種挑戰,挖潛內(nei)部本錢和開發高附(fu)加值產品是大(da)多數鋼鐵(tie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)應對思(si)路,但(dan)在(zai)市場充分(fen)競爭(zheng)的(de)今天(tian),越來越多的(de)鋼鐵(tie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發現這種思(si)路已(yi)難以合(he)用。從國外發達鋼鐵(tie)業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)規(gui)律來看,根據自(zi)身流程(cheng)和裝備特(te)點,向鋼材的(de)下游加產業(ye)(ye)延伸是一(yi)個重要發展(zhan)方向。
環(huan)保政(zheng)策(ce)從嚴將迫使中國現有(you)的鋼制波(bo)紋(wen)涵管制造企業廢(fei)棄(qi)先成型后鍍鋅工藝,由(you)此(ci)帶來熱軋重鍍鋅板卷的需求。因為應用研究滯后,我(wo)國相關尺度有(you)良多不公道的地(di)方(fang),如涂層材(cai)料(liao)方(fang)面,我(wo)國尺度中僅(jin)有(you)鍍鋅一(yi)種(zhong),鍍鋁和聚合(he)物(wu)材(cai)料(liao)尚沒有(you)。
鋼波紋管安裝就位完畢后,可以(yi)將兩端端墻砌(qi)(qi)(qi)至與波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)管(guan)頂一平就不再(zai)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)管(guan)頂部未砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)部門片(pian)石可以(yi)排(pai)列兩排(pai)沙土袋來擋(dang)土,等(deng)到波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)管(guan)頂填土填至路基更(geng)大(da)設計標高十五日后再(zai)將沙袋清理(li)掉砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)上下游的(de)端墻。
目前在拼(pin)裝(zhuang)波(bo)(bo)紋涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場發現(xian),有些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)還(huan)沒有完全終止時,就(jiu)將(jiang)波(bo)(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)下游的(de)(de)(de)擋墻(qiang)砌(qi)筑完成(cheng)了(le),這種施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方式將(jiang)存在填(tian)(tian)土完畢后(hou)端墻(qiang)裂(lie)痕(hen)的(de)(de)(de)弊病,因波(bo)(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在填(tian)(tian)土過(guo)程中存在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing),一般變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)量為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑的(de)(de)(de)±0.5-2%,當然此變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)數值(zhi)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)側回填(tian)(tian)土的(de)(de)(de)密實度有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)關系。但填(tian)(tian)土終止后(hou)波(bo)(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)再(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing),建成(cheng)后(hou)行車(che)動(dong)載對其影響很(hen)微(wei)小。因此,為防止端墻(qiang)裂(lie)痕(hen),可采(cai)取以下兩(liang)種措施(shi):基(ji)礎做(zuo)好(hao)后(hou),上(shang)下游的(de)(de)(de)片石(shi)砌(qi)筑高(gao)(gao)度和沙礫基(ji)礎上(shang)頂(ding)(ding)面(mian)標高(gao)(gao)一致即可,開始拼(pin)裝(zhuang)波(bo)(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)安裝(zhuang)就(jiu)位完畢后(hou),可以采(cai)取不(bu)砌(qi)筑端墻(qiang),而將(jiang)波(bo)(bo)紋涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)土填(tian)(tian)至(zhi)路頂(ding)(ding)面(mian)標高(gao)(gao)十五日后(hou)再(zai)(zai)砌(qi)筑端墻(qiang)。也就(jiu)是波(bo)(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)終止了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)。
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