薄薄的一塊鋼板就能將一座橋支撐起來?這種說法聽起來似乎不切實際,但是鋼波紋涵管以它特殊的物理結構就能做到這一點。鋼波紋涵(han)管以其性能穩定、安裝方(fang)便(bian)、有利環保、造價低等優點迅(xun)速在公路施工(gong)中代(dai)替了鋼筋(jin)混凝土施工(gong)的涵(han)洞(dong),發展前景非(fei)常廣闊。鋼波紋涵(han)管是將鍍鋅(xin)鋼帶軋制成(cheng)(cheng)一定的波形(xing)后,經過彎曲、傾(qing)斜螺(luo)旋后使鋼帶邊緣相互(hu)咬合而成(cheng)(cheng)的連續的圓形(xing)管狀體,是一種(zhong)代(dai)替水泥管及鋼筋(jin)混凝土結構的理想產品(pin)。
鋼波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)有著工(gong)程造(zao)價低、施工(gong)簡便快捷(jie)工(gong)期短、抗(kang)震抗(kang)變形能力(li)(li)強、管(guan)(guan)體強度高、耐(nai)久性(xing)強壽命長、利于(yu)環保等(deng)優(you)點(dian),它可(ke)以(yi)拼裝連接(jie),可(ke)以(yi)整管(guan)(guan)連接(jie),可(ke)以(yi)做成拱形、橢圓(yuan)形、馬蹄形、簸箕(ji)形等(deng)以(yi)適應(ying)各種要求。同(tong)(tong)時,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)也非常,公(gong)路與鐵路領(ling)域應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):涵(han)洞、通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)、小橋、隧道(dao)(dao)、涵(han)隧大修、臨時便道(dao)(dao)、滲水井;市政(zheng)及建筑方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):共(gong)同(tong)(tong)溝(gou)、光電纜(lan)保護、排水溝(gou)、塔吊圍堰、垂直樁外殼;煤(mei)礦(kuang)領(ling)域應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有:礦(kuang)產輸送管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)、人員及采礦(kuang)機械通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)、豎井,民(min)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在電廠煙道(dao)(dao)、糧食儲備倉、發酵罐、風力(li)(li)發電軍事:軍事便道(dao)(dao)、防空通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)、疏散通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)。它減(jian)少或基(ji)本(ben)舍(she)棄了(le)常規建材,如水泥、石(shi)子、木材等(deng)的使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),環保意義(yi)深遠(yuan)。而且,由于(yu)鋼波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)優(you)異的物理特性(xing),在多年凍土(tu)、沼澤地帶、軟土(tu)路基(ji)、濕陷性(xing)黃土(tu)、喀斯特等(deng)復雜地形特征方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian),發揮(hui)了(le)積極(ji)有效的作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),同(tong)(tong)時在提高公(gong)路行車舒適性(xing)、降低公(gong)路養(yang)護費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、環境保護方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)也增加了(le)新(xin)的亮點(dian)。
鋼波(bo)紋涵管代替鋼筋混凝土(tu)進行涵洞(dong)施工
在公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong),應用鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管代替鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝(ning)土進(jin)(jin)行涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)已經有100多年(nian)了(le)。1896年(nian),美國(guo)(guo)率行鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管通(tong)道、涵(han)管的(de)可行性(xing)研究(jiu)。其后,在美國(guo)(guo)、加拿大、澳大利亞等國(guo)(guo)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)建設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong),均(jun)采用了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管進(jin)(jin)行涵(han)洞(dong)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian),日本高速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji),規范制定(ding)了(le)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管涵(han)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)技術(shu)規范。隨著鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管在世界各(ge)地的(de)安(an)裝使用,證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)了(le)此種結構在各(ge)種使用情況(kuang)下(xia)的(de)通(tong)用性(xing)。在我國(guo)(guo)改革開放后,深圳及大同煤礦開始從國(guo)(guo)外進(jin)(jin)口成品鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管進(jin)(jin)行涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。之后,上海(hai)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)管理(li)處、上海(hai)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)研究(jiu)院、上海(hai)同濟大學對鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管進(jin)(jin)行了(le)動、靜載試(shi)驗,結果表明(ming)(ming)能(neng)滿足(zu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)使用要求,填補了(le)國(guo)(guo)內的(de)空白,且迅速(su)得到推廣應用。鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管投入到了(le)青海(hai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當(dang)中(zhong),三年(nian)的(de)實踐(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管在北方寒冷地區完全符合(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)建設(she)(she)(she)當(dang)中(zhong)的(de)涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求。
實踐證明,用鋼波(bo)紋涵管(guan)代替鋼筋混凝土進行涵洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工,無論從施(shi)(shi)(shi)工周期(qi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工造價(jia)、環保意義等方面都有(you)其(qi)不可(ke)比擬的優(you)越性,且(qie)用鋼波(bo)紋涵管(guan)進行涵洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工,可(ke)大大提高道路行車(che)的舒適(shi)度與安全(quan)性,避免(mian)道路中(zhong)涵洞(dong)的“錯臺跳(tiao)車(che)”現形,有(you)利(li)于(yu)解(jie)決西北及我國寒冷(leng)地區霜凍(dong)對砼管(guan)涵結構的破(po)壞問題。
鋼(gang)波紋涵管如何(he)滿足塑性成形的要(yao)求(qiu)?
我們根(gen)據(ju)金屬變形(xing)規(gui)律、波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)幾何形(xing)狀、尺寸、精度、成(cheng)形(xing)力的大小和波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)軸向彈性(xing)回彈等,設計成(cheng)形(xing)模具。除(chu)設計因素之外,波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)很大程度上依賴于制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi),的制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)是提(ti)高波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)性(xing)能(neng)和質量的重要(yao)保證。 縱縫焊(han)接工(gong)藝(yi):縱縫焊(han)接焊(han)縫達到Ⅰ、ⅠⅠ級焊(han)縫標準要(yao)求,同時又能(neng)滿足塑性(xing)成(cheng)形(xing)的要(yao)求。
成(cheng)形模具的設計 波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)的剛(gang)(gang)度(du)計算,波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)的剛(gang)(gang)度(du)按照載(zai)荷及位(wei)移性質不同(tong),分為軸(zhou)向剛(gang)(gang)度(du)、彎曲剛(gang)(gang)度(du)、扭轉剛(gang)(gang)度(du)等。目前在(zai)波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)的應(ying)用中,絕(jue)大多數的受力情況是軸(zhou)向載(zai)荷,位(wei)移方式為線位(wei)移。 波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)制造工(gong)藝 波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)的幾何形狀、尺寸和精度(du)是由成(cheng)形模具來保(bao)證(zheng)的。
鋼波紋涵管的剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)按載荷與位移性(xing)質不同(tong)可分:為軸(zhou)向剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、彎曲剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、扭(niu)轉剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)。在(zai)目前應用中絕大部分是(shi)軸(zhou)向剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),因此主要介紹軸(zhou)向剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)K,它(ta)是(shi)反應波紋管(guan)敏(min)感性(xing)的一(yi)個參(can)數(shu)。剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)越大.敏(min)感性(xing)越差,它(ta)與靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)δ互(hu)成倒數(shu)即K=1/δ另外,剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)K與波數(shu)n成反比。多(duo)層管(guan)制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)藝:研究套管(guan)間(jian)隙(xi)和加力(li)方(fang)式,設計(ji)專用工(gong)(gong)裝夾具消除套管(guan)間(jian)隙(xi)。 公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程的涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)一(yi)般采(cai)用金屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土制(zhi)作。現采(cai)用金屬波紋管(guan)涵(han)代(dai)替金屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土進行涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)施工(gong)(gong)在(zai)國(guo)內時一(yi)項(xiang)新技術,金屬波紋管(guan)涵(han)以其性(xing)能(neng)穩定、安裝方(fang)便、有利環保、造價低等(deng)優點迅速在(zai)公路(lu)施工(gong)(gong)中代(dai)替了(le)金屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土施工(gong)(gong)的涵(han)洞(dong)(dong),發(fa)展(zhan)前景非常廣闊。
鋼波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)是將薄鋼板板面壓成波紋(wen)(wen)后,卷制成管(guan)(guan)節,可以增(zeng)加管(guan)(guan)節的(de)剛度和對管(guan)(guan)軸壓力的(de)抵(di)抗強度;出廠前(qian)采用熱浸鍍鋅工藝(yi)和施工現場噴涂(tu)瀝青,雙層防(fang)腐處理保證了使用壽命(ming);用此(ci)種(zhong)管(guan)(guan)節修(xiu)建的(de)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)被稱為(wei)波紋(wen)(wen)鋼涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)。
隨著波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)在(zai)世界各地的(de)安裝(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),證明(ming)了此種結構在(zai)各種使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況下(xia)的(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性。在(zai)我國改革開放后,深圳及大同煤礦開始(shi)從國外(wai)進(jin)口(kou)成品波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)涵(han)洞施(shi)工。之后,上(shang)海(hai)市公路管(guan)理處、上(shang)海(hai)市政工程(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)研(yan)究院、上(shang)海(hai)同濟大學(xue)對鋼(gang)波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了動、靜載試驗,結果表(biao)明(ming)能滿足(zu)設計(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要求(qiu),填補(bu)了國內的(de)空(kong)白(bai),且迅速得到(dao)推(tui)廣應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
工(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)是影(ying)響波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)主要(yao)因(yin)(yin)素(su)之一。本表(biao)所列波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)(du)適用于溫(wen)度(du)(du)范圍在(zai)一196℃~600℃之間。但即使(shi)在(zai)此范圍,溫(wen)度(du)(du)越趨近于兩(liang)端其壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)是要(yao)大打折扣(kou)的(de)。因(yin)(yin)此若(ruo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)(du)有更高要(yao)求,則須(xu)更換新材料,否則將嚴重影(ying)響產(chan)品壽(shou)命(ming)。
實踐證明,用(yong)鋼(gang)波紋涵管(guan)代替鋼(gang)筋混凝土進行(xing)涵洞施(shi)工,無(wu)論從施(shi)工周期、施(shi)工造價(jia)、環(huan)保意義等方面都(dou)有其不(bu)可比擬的(de)優越性(xing),且用(yong)鋼(gang)波紋涵管(guan)進行(xing)涵洞施(shi)工,可大大提高(gao)道路行(xing)車(che)的(de)舒(shu)適度與安(an)全性(xing),避免(mian)道路中涵洞的(de)“錯臺跳車(che)”現形,有利(li)于(yu)解決(jue)西北地區寒冷霜凍對砼涵管(guan)結構的(de)破壞問題。
幕墻(qiang)一貫反應用于我國各地(di)公(gong)路(lu)設(she)施建設(she)當中。鋼(gang)波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)投入到了青海公(gong)路(lu)施工當中,三年(nian)的實踐證明,鋼(gang)波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)在北方寒冷地(di)區(qu)完全符合公(gong)路(lu)建設(she)當中的涵(han)洞施工要(yao)求。 波紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)設(she)計計算的參數(shu)為剛(gang)度、應力、有效面積、失穩、允許位移、耐壓力和使用壽命。
在公路施工中,應用鋼波紋涵管代替鋼筋混凝土進行涵洞施工的歷史已經有100多年了。1896年,美國率行波紋涵管通道、涵管的可行性研究。其后,在美國、加拿大、澳大利亞等國的公路建設中,均采用了鋼波紋涵管進行涵洞的施工。//hanihanbj.com/
分享此文章: |
版權所(suo)有:衡(heng)水浩威新材料有限公(gong)司 ICP備(bei)案(an)/許可證號: 技術支(zhi)持: