公路工程的一般采用鋼筋混凝土制作。現采用鋼波紋涵管代替(ti)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土進行涵洞(dong)施工在(zai)國內時一(yi)項新技(ji)術，以其性能穩(wen)定(ding)、安裝方便、有(you)利環保、造價(jia)低等優(you)點(dian)迅速在(zai)公路施工中代替(ti)了鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土施工的涵洞(dong)，發展前景非常廣(guang)闊。在(zai)公路施工中，應(ying)用鋼(gang)波(bo)紋涵管代替(ti)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土進行涵洞(dong)施工的歷(li)史已(yi)經有(you)100多年(nian)了。

新技術材料，鋼波紋涵管代替鋼筋混凝土

1896年，美國(guo)(guo)率行(xing)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)(han)(han)管(guan)通(tong)道、涵(han)(han)(han)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)。其后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)美國(guo)(guo)、加拿大、澳大利亞等國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)(han)(han)管(guan)進行(xing)涵(han)(han)(han)洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工。1990年，日本高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，規范制定了(le)(le)(le)(le)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)技術規范。隨著(zhu)在(zai)(zai)世界(jie)各(ge)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，證明了(le)(le)(le)(le)此種(zhong)結構在(zai)(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況下的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)改革(ge)開放(fang)后(hou)，深圳及大同煤礦開始從國(guo)(guo)外進口成品(pin)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)進行(xing)涵(han)(han)(han)洞施工。之后(hou)，上(shang)海市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)管(guan)理處、上(shang)海市(shi)政工程設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)研究(jiu)院(yuan)、上(shang)海同濟大學對金(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)動、靜載試驗，結果表明能滿足(zu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)要求，填補了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白，且迅(xun)速得到推廣應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。幕墻一(yi)貫反應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于我(wo)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)(han)(han)管(guan)投入到了(le)(le)(le)(le)青海公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)施工當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三年的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐證明，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)在(zai)(zai)北方寒冷地區(qu)完全符合公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)涵(han)(han)(han)洞施工要求。陜(shan)西通(tong)途交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司是(shi)一(yi)家(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)涵(han)(han)(han)洞通(tong)道用(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)（板(ban)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)，主(zhu)要產(chan)品(pin)包(bao)括公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)涵(han)(han)(han)洞通(tong)道用(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)（板(ban)）、相關配套設(she)(she)(she)(she)施有橋梁支座、伸縮縫、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)腹板(ban)橋、聲屏障、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)便(bian)橋、土工材料(liao)、防水(shui)材料(liao)、金(jin)屬掛(gua)網、防眩板(ban)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)護欄等交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)施和其他相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)施。

實踐證明，用鋼(gang)波(bo)紋涵(han)管代替鋼(gang)筋混凝土進行(xing)涵(han)洞施工(gong)，無論從施工(gong)周期、施工(gong)造價(jia)、環保意義等方面都有其不可(ke)比擬的(de)優越性，且用進行(xing)涵(han)洞施工(gong)，可(ke)大大提高道路(lu)行(xing)車的(de)舒適度(du)與安全(quan)性，避免道路(lu)中(zhong)涵(han)洞的(de)“錯臺跳車”現(xian)形，有利于解決西北地區(qu)寒冷霜凍對砼(tong)管涵(han)結構的(de)破(po)壞問(wen)題。

隨著公路(lu)(lu)(lu)建設、設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)理念的(de)日(ri)趨完(wan)善,“設計簡潔(jie)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)便(bian)”的(de)設計思想被(bei)應用(yong)。簡潔(jie)便(bian)于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖設計是(shi)縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、降低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)有效途徑。水(shui)是(shi)影響路(lu)(lu)(lu)基強度(du)和穩定性的(de)一個重要因素,在公路(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中圓管(guan)(guan)涵是(shi)排(pai)除地(di)表水(shui)普(pu)遍的(de)應用(yong)方(fang)式。當前(qian),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土圓管(guan)(guan)涵自(zi)身笨重，在運(yun)輸、安(an)裝(zhuang)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序等方(fang)面比較繁瑣。另外施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)也比較高。隨著鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)的(de)問世，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)逐(zhu)漸(jian)取(qu)代了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土圓涵管(guan)(guan)在鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)(lu)等道路(lu)(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)應用(yong)。本(ben)文結合(he)甘肅省合(he)作市至冶力(li)關鎮二級公路(lu)(lu)(lu)改建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程（以下稱本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程）實際施工(gong)(gong)(gong)情況對鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和技術(shu)要求進行淺談。

鋼波紋涵管介紹

鋼波紋涵管（YTHG）是替代圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)、蓋(gai)板涵(han)、拱(gong)涵(han)和小(xiao)橋(qiao)的優質公路(lu)和鐵路(lu)建(jian)筑材料。該產(chan)品具有工(gong)期短、重(zhong)量輕(qing)、安裝方(fang)便、耐久性(xing)好、工(gong)程造價低、抗(kang)變形(xing)能力強、減少(shao)通車后養護成本等(deng)特點，尤其應用在高寒(han)凍土(tu)地區，軟土(tu)路(lu)基地帶，具有明顯的經濟效益(yi)。鋼波(bo)紋涵(han)管(guan)(guan)有圓(yuan)形(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)、半(ban)圓(yuan)形(xing)等(deng)，進(jin)出口也可按(an)照邊坡比例做成斜口，加(jia)工(gong)波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)徑范圍Φ0.5m～Φ8m，管(guan)(guan)壁厚(hou)(hou)度為(wei)3mm～7mm，能夠滿足(zu)填土(tu)0.5m～40m厚(hou)(hou)的需(xu)要。

公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)涵洞(dong)普(pu)通采用鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土制造(zao)。現采用鋼波(bo)紋涵管替(ti)代(dai)鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土停止涵洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)在(zai)國際時一(yi)項(xiang)新(xin)技(ji)術，鋼波(bo)紋涵管以其功能(neng)波(bo)動、裝置方便、有利環(huan)保、造(zao)價高等優點迅速在(zai)公路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中替(ti)代(dai)了鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)涵洞(dong)，開展前(qian)景十分寬廣。

在公路(lu)施工(gong)(gong)中，使用(yong)鋼波紋(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)替(ti)代鋼筋混凝土停(ting)止涵(han)洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)的歷史曾經(jing)有100多年(nian)了。在我國(guo)變革開放后，開端從國(guo)外出口成品波紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)停(ting)止涵(han)洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)。之后，交通部(bu)迷信(xin)技術研(yan)討(tao)院對金屬波紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)停(ting)止了動、靜載實(shi)驗，后果標明能滿足(zu)設計(ji)運用(yong)要求，填補了國(guo)際的空白，且迅(xun)速失掉推行使用(yong)。

理論(lun)證明(ming)，用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管替代鋼(gang)(gang)筋混凝土停止(zhi)涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，無論(lun)從施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)造價、環保意義等方(fang)面(mian)都有其不(bu)可比較的(de)(de)(de)優越性，且用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管停止(zhi)涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，可大大進(jin)步路途行(xing)車的(de)(de)(de)舒過度與平安性，防(fang)止(zhi)路途中(zhong)涵(han)洞的(de)(de)(de)“錯臺跳車”現(xian)形(xing)，有利于(yu)處(chu)理冰冷(leng)(leng)霜凍地域(yu)對砼管涵(han)構造的(de)(de)(de)毀壞成(cheng)績(ji)。鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管洞次(ci)要(yao)在我國南方(fang)冰冷(leng)(leng)霜凍地域(yu)逐漸失掉(diao)推行(xing)運用(yong)，有關科研設計部門正在編寫鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管的(de)(de)(de)計、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)標(biao)準。置信隨著對構造耐久(jiu)性看法的(de)(de)(de)逐漸進(jin)步，鋼(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管在公路或其他工(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)將具有更寬廣的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)景。

經過鋼波紋涵管的施工，既放慢了施工進度，較同類型蓋板涵、拱涵施工比擬具有工期短、造價低、耐久性好、對地基擾動小、對根底要求較高等優點,又給其上的高填方提供了充沛的施工工夫，大大延長了工期，從總體工程思索浪費了投資，是普通涵管無法相比的，在公路新、改建工程、養護大中修工程中發揚了重要的作用。//hanihanbj.com/