公路工程的涵洞一般采用鋼筋混凝土制作。現采用鋼波紋涵管代替鋼筋混凝(ning)(ning)土進(jin)行涵洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)在(zai)國內時一(yi)項新技術，鋼波(bo)紋涵管以其性(xing)能穩定、安(an)裝方便、有利環保(bao)、造價低等優點(dian)迅速(su)在(zai)公路施(shi)工(gong)中代替了鋼筋混凝(ning)(ning)土施(shi)工(gong)的涵洞(dong)，發展前景非常廣闊。

鋼波紋管可代替傳統建材進行涵洞施工

在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)代替鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土進(jin)(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)歷史已經(jing)有(you)(you)100多年(nian)(nian)了(le)。1896年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)率行(xing)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)通(tong)道(dao)、涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究。其后，在(zai)美國(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)、澳大(da)利亞(ya)等國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)，均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian)(nian)，日(ri)本高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)設(she)計(ji)，規范制定了(le)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)設(she)計(ji)技術規范。隨(sui)著波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)在(zai)世界各地的(de)(de)(de)安裝使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，證明了(le)此種結構在(zai)各種使用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)。在(zai)我國(guo)改革開(kai)放(fang)后，深圳及大(da)同煤(mei)礦開(kai)始(shi)從國(guo)外進(jin)(jin)口成品(pin)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。之后，上海(hai)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)管(guan)(guan)理處(chu)、上海(hai)市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計(ji)研(yan)究院、上海(hai)同濟(ji)大(da)學對(dui)金(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)動、靜載(zai)試驗，結果(guo)表(biao)明能(neng)滿足設(she)計(ji)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，填補了(le)國(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)空白，且(qie)迅速得到推(tui)廣應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。幕墻(qiang)一(yi)貫(guan)反應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于我國(guo)各地公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)當中(zhong)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)投入到了(le)青(qing)海(hai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)當中(zhong)，三年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐證明，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)在(zai)北方(fang)寒(han)冷(leng)地區完全(quan)符合(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)建設(she)當中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。陜西通(tong)途交通(tong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司是一(yi)家生產公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)通(tong)道(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)，主(zhu)要(yao)產品(pin)包括公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)通(tong)道(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）、相(xiang)關(guan)配套設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)橋梁支座(zuo)、伸(shen)縮(suo)縫、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)腹(fu)板(ban)(ban)橋、聲屏障(zhang)、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)便橋、土工(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)、防(fang)水材(cai)料(liao)、金(jin)屬掛網(wang)、防(fang)眩板(ban)(ban)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)護欄(lan)等交通(tong)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和其他相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

實踐證明(ming)，用鋼波(bo)紋涵(han)管代替鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)土進行涵(han)洞施工(gong)，無論從(cong)施工(gong)周期、施工(gong)造價、環保意義等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)都有(you)其不可(ke)比擬的優越性(xing)，且用鋼波(bo)紋管涵(han)進行涵(han)洞施工(gong)，可(ke)大(da)大(da)提高道(dao)路行車的舒適度與安全性(xing)，避(bi)免道(dao)路中涵(han)洞的“錯(cuo)臺(tai)跳車”現形，有(you)利于(yu)解決西(xi)北地區寒冷霜凍對砼管涵(han)結(jie)構的破壞問(wen)題。

鋼波紋涵管施工要求

鋼波紋管涵的(de)施工工藝及安裝技(ji)術要求

1 涵洞施工前準(zhun)備相關(guan)材料(liao)，人(ren)(ren)員及設備進(jin)場，并(bing) 做好施工時期的安全(quan)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)工作，對路(lu)基(ji)邊(bian)坡進(jin)行圍網保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，防(fang)止石塊等(deng)物體下滑傷人(ren)(ren)。

2 基礎處理：可回填(tian)砂礫或砌筑片(pian)石砼，對基底進行(xing)平整(zheng)，換填(tian)30-50cm厚(hou)的(de)砂礫材料(liao)，密實度(du)達到90%以上，選擇(ze)適當(dang)的(de)流水縱(zong)坡3%左右，定出每道涵的(de)中線和邊線。

3 波紋管(guan)涵(han)施(shi)工時，采用分段(duan)施(shi)工的(de)方(fang)法，預先在原拱(gong)涵(han)基底用角鋼并排兩根(gen)，長度根(gen)據涵(han)長確定，作(zuo)涵(han)管(guan)推(tui)進時的(de)滑軌，波紋涵(han)管(guan)管(guan)徑根(gen)據工程需(xu)要可有不同的(de)規格，整裝(zhuang)管(guan)管(guan)徑為(wei)0.5m-2.5m，每節長度3.06米，采用內（外）法蘭螺栓連接(jie)，拼裝(zhuang)管(guan)管(guan)徑為(wei)3m-8m，板與板搭接(jie)高強螺栓緊固。

4 如(ru)果涵(han)長小于(yu)30米，波紋管涵(han)兩側與原涵(han)寬度(du)大(da)于(yu)80cm，可將整道波紋管涵(han)在下游或(huo)上(shang)游向一端(duan)推進，就位以后(hou)，再(zai)進行一端(duan)擋墻的砌(qi)筑，四周的回填工(gong)作，可回填沙礫、碎石土(tu)、砌(qi)筑片石等。頂部(bu)采用砌(qi)片石或(huo)高(gao)壓泵送(song)膨脹水泥砂漿(jiang)。

5 如果(guo)涵長大(da)于30米，波紋(wen)管涵兩側與原涵寬度小于80cm，可(ke)將(jiang)3m-6m長涵管在(zai)下游或上游向(xiang)一(yi)端(duan)推進，就(jiu)位以后可(ke)以將(jiang)其固定，砌筑(zhu)頂端(duan)的片石(shi)端(duan)墻(qiang)，波紋(wen)管涵的另一(yi)端(duan)與涵洞間的間距用沙袋或漿砌片石(shi)擋住(zhu)，寬度50cm，然后開(kai)始回填。兩側可(ke)用粗沙水(shui)密(mi)法密(mi)實或澆注混凝土震動棒搗實。頂部采用高壓泵送膨脹水(shui)泥沙漿。該(gai)節管四周填筑(zhu)完畢(bi)后，將(jiang)第(di)貳節運至，進行(xing)(xing)兩管的連(lian)接，連(lian)接完畢(bi)后，以上述(shu)相同(tong)的方法進行(xing)(xing)回填，依此順(shun)序完成管道波紋(wen)管涵的修建工作。

鋼波紋涵管加拿大東部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)工廠(chang)制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)規厚(hou)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)，長(chang)度(du)(du)為(wei)6米的(de)(de)(de)鍍鋅波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)在船上(shang)交貨的(de)(de)(de)大致價格列于表，當(dang)然該廠(chang)還制造(zao)其它(ta)長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)。短(duan)節混凝土波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)價格在該制造(zao)廠(chang)大致一樣，但由于較重(zhong)，運(yun)輸(shu)費(fei)用高，所以(yi)一般不太受歡迎。對這些不同材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)在現(xian)地的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用問題應作出各種分析(xi)。當(dang)地處理的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)地木材，在多數(shu)情況(kuang)下很(hen)可能是便宜的(de)(de)(de)波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)材料(liao)，但安裝費(fei)要高得多。

當利用(yong)(yong)推(tui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)機(ji)和(he)(he)(he)其它(ta)重型設(she)備修筑路其和(he)(he)(he)排水(shui)溝(gou)時，埋(mai)設(she)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖土(tu)(tu)(tu)、波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)埋(mai)設(she)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)回填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)由(you)涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)出口把水(shui)導出去的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄水(shui)溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘等，一(yi)般來(lai)說是采用(yong)(yong)機(ji)械化作業的(de)(de)(de)(de)。為了給圓形管(guan)(guan)拱或(huo)拱起波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)而準備好一(yi)個平(ping)滑床，要鋪上一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)10厘(li)米左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗砂(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)或(huo)礫石層(ceng)(ceng)，該(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料要求(qiu)松散(san)些以(yi)(yi)便波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)能(neng)夠埋(mai)沒(mei)于該(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)。該(gai)平(ping)滑床應(ying)具有3-5%連續坡度(du)，支承(cheng)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)全長。回填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)應(ying)按(an)6英寸一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)給予壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)以(yi)(yi)加固對涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)向支持力。這件事用(yong)(yong)手提式(shi)振動壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)器(qi)是可以(yi)(yi)輕(qing)而易舉地做到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)上面鋪蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)取決于所使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)涵(han)洞(dong)(dong)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤特性，車輛軸重和(he)(he)(he)行駛速度(du)。在(zai)生產上推(tui)薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)是用(yong)(yong)承(cheng)載能(neng)力強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)并(bing)把它(ta)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)到等于波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)直徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)。

如(ru)果涵洞(dong)(dong)設(she)計(ji)得太小和太接近于地表(biao)特別是在(zai)(zai)(zai)暴露的(de)地方，而且水(shui)流速(su)度緩(huan)慢，則在(zai)(zai)(zai)北部地區的(de)冬季容易凍(dong)結，后還(huan)要堵塞。這(zhe)可以得到(dao)補救，辦法以是增加(jia)涵洞(dong)(dong)的(de)坡(po)度，采用無底的(de)木制涵洞(dong)(dong)或在(zai)(zai)(zai)寒(han)冷(leng)季節接近時，把涵洞(dong)(dong)進口(kou)端用軟樹技鋪(pu)蓋(gai)。如(ru)果涵洞(dong)(dong)的(de)位置(zhi)坡(po)度太低(di)，那(nei)么將被碎(sui)石頭和粗粒砂等(deng)填塞。這(zhe)種情況可以通過在(zai)(zai)(zai)涵洞(dong)(dong)進口(kou)修井或截水(shui)坑和修防止(zhi)沖刷和把水(shui)引進涵洞(dong)(dong)的(de)小型扶垛等(deng)措施來解決。

大型混凝土波紋涵管或鍍鋅鋼波紋涵管可以單獨或若干根一起用來代替小橋。這些都是性的，通常其修建費較便宜并且不要求或極小要求養護。當一起使用幾根波紋涵管時，應使它們互相離開一定距離以便于在它們中間使用壓實器。利用壓實器給予壓實可以說就是利用把水從活動區引向別處。但是在溪流帶來橫架在涵洞進口并引起堵塞的大的碎石的地方，不要使用這種涵洞。鋼波紋涵管以它特殊的物理結構就能做到這一點。鋼波紋管涵以其性能穩定、安裝方便、有利環保、造價低等優點迅速在公路施工中代替了鋼筋混凝土施工的涵洞，發展前景非常廣闊。//hanihanbj.com/