公路工程的一般采用鋼筋混凝土制作。現采用鋼波紋涵管代(dai)替鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)進行涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)在國(guo)內時一項新技術，以其(qi)性(xing)能穩(wen)定、安裝方便、有(you)(you)利環保(bao)、造價低等優點迅速在公路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中代(dai)替了鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的涵(han)洞，發(fa)展前景非(fei)常(chang)廣闊。在公路(lu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，應用(yong)鋼(gang)波紋涵(han)管(guan)代(dai)替鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)進行涵(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的歷史已經有(you)(you)100多年了。
1896年，美國(guo)(guo)率行(xing)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)道(dao)、涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)性研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。其后(hou)，在(zai)美國(guo)(guo)、加拿(na)大、澳大利亞等國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設中(zhong)，均采用(yong)(yong)了(le)鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)行(xing)涵(han)洞的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)。1990年，日本高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)設計(ji)(ji)，規(gui)范制定(ding)了(le)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵(han)設計(ji)(ji)技術規(gui)范。隨(sui)著在(zai)世界各(ge)地的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝使用(yong)(yong)，證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)了(le)此種結構(gou)在(zai)各(ge)種使用(yong)(yong)情況下的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)性。在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)改革開(kai)放后(hou)，深圳(zhen)及大同煤礦開(kai)始從(cong)國(guo)(guo)外進(jin)口成品波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵(han)進(jin)行(xing)涵(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)。之后(hou)，上(shang)海市公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理處(chu)、上(shang)海市政工(gong)程(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院、上(shang)海同濟大學對金屬波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵(han)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)動、靜載(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)，結果表明(ming)(ming)能(neng)滿足(zu)設計(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求，填補(bu)了(le)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白，且迅速得到推廣應用(yong)(yong)。幕墻一貫反應用(yong)(yong)于我(wo)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)設施(shi)建(jian)設當(dang)中(zhong)。鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)投入到了(le)青海公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)當(dang)中(zhong)，三年的(de)(de)(de)實踐證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)，鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵(han)在(zai)北方寒(han)冷地區完全符合公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)設當(dang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)涵(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)要(yao)求。陜(shan)西通(tong)途交通(tong)設施(shi)有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司是一家生產公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)涵(han)洞通(tong)道(dao)用(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）的(de)(de)(de)企業，主要(yao)產品包(bao)括公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)涵(han)洞通(tong)道(dao)用(yong)(yong)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（板(ban)(ban)）、相關配套(tao)設施(shi)有橋(qiao)梁支座(zuo)、伸縮縫、鋼(gang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)腹板(ban)(ban)橋(qiao)、聲屏障、鋼(gang)便(bian)橋(qiao)、土工(gong)材料(liao)、防水(shui)材料(liao)、金屬掛網、防眩板(ban)(ban)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)護欄等交通(tong)基(ji)礎設施(shi)和其他相應的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎設施(shi)。
實(shi)踐證明，用(yong)鋼波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)代替鋼筋混凝(ning)土進行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)施工，無論從施工周期、施工造(zao)價、環保意(yi)義(yi)等方(fang)面都有其不(bu)可(ke)比擬的(de)優越性(xing)，且用(yong)進行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞(dong)施工，可(ke)大大提高(gao)道(dao)路(lu)行(xing)車的(de)舒適度與(yu)安全性(xing)，避(bi)免(mian)道(dao)路(lu)中涵(han)(han)洞(dong)的(de)“錯(cuo)臺跳車”現(xian)形，有利于解決西北(bei)地區寒冷霜(shuang)凍對砼管(guan)涵(han)(han)結(jie)構的(de)破(po)壞問題。
隨著公(gong)(gong)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)理念的(de)日趨完善,“設(she)計(ji)(ji)簡(jian)潔(jie)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方便”的(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)思想被應用(yong)。簡(jian)潔(jie)便于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖設(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)縮(suo)短(duan)工(gong)(gong)期、降低成本的(de)有效途(tu)徑(jing)。水是(shi)影響路(lu)基強(qiang)度和穩(wen)定性(xing)的(de)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)因素,在公(gong)(gong)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)涵是(shi)排除地(di)表(biao)水普遍的(de)應用(yong)方式。當前,鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)涵自(zi)身(shen)笨重(zhong)(zhong)，在運輸、安裝、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序等方面(mian)比(bi)較繁瑣。另外(wai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本也比(bi)較高。隨著鋼(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)的(de)問世，鋼(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)逐漸(jian)取代了鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土圓(yuan)涵管(guan)(guan)在鐵(tie)路(lu)、公(gong)(gong)路(lu)等道(dao)路(lu)上的(de)應用(yong)。本文結(jie)合甘肅(su)省合作(zuo)市至冶力關鎮二級公(gong)(gong)路(lu)改(gai)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)（以(yi)下稱本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)）實際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)情(qing)況對鋼(gang)波紋涵管(guan)(guan)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝和技術要(yao)求進行淺談(tan)。
鋼波紋涵管介紹
鋼波紋涵管（YTHG）是替代圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)、蓋板(ban)涵(han)、拱涵(han)和小橋的優質公路和鐵路建(jian)筑材料(liao)。該產品具有工期短、重量輕、安裝方便、耐久性好(hao)、工程造價低、抗變形(xing)(xing)能力強(qiang)、減(jian)少通車后(hou)養護成(cheng)本等特點，尤(you)其應用在高(gao)寒凍土地區(qu)，軟(ruan)土路基地帶，具有明顯的經濟效益。鋼(gang)波紋涵(han)管(guan)(guan)有圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、半(ban)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)等，進出口(kou)也可按照邊(bian)坡比例做成(cheng)斜(xie)口(kou)，加(jia)工波紋管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)徑(jing)范圍Φ0.5m～Φ8m，管(guan)(guan)壁(bi)厚度(du)為3mm～7mm，能夠滿足填(tian)土0.5m～40m厚的需要。
公路(lu)工(gong)程的涵(han)洞(dong)普(pu)通采(cai)用鋼(gang)筋混凝土制造。現(xian)采(cai)用鋼(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管替代(dai)鋼(gang)筋混凝土停止涵(han)洞(dong)施(shi)工(gong)在(zai)國(guo)際時一項新(xin)技術(shu)，鋼(gang)波(bo)紋(wen)涵(han)管以其功能波(bo)動、裝置(zhi)方便、有利環保、造價高等優點迅速在(zai)公路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)中替代(dai)了鋼(gang)筋混凝土施(shi)工(gong)的涵(han)洞(dong)，開展前景十(shi)分寬廣。
在(zai)公路施工(gong)中，使(shi)用鋼波紋涵(han)管(guan)替代鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土停止涵(han)洞施工(gong)的歷史曾經(jing)有100多年了。在(zai)我(wo)國變(bian)革開放后(hou)，開端從國外出口(kou)成(cheng)品波紋管(guan)涵(han)停止涵(han)洞施工(gong)。之后(hou)，交(jiao)通(tong)部迷信(xin)技術(shu)研(yan)討院對(dui)金(jin)屬波紋管(guan)涵(han)停止了動、靜載實驗，后(hou)果標(biao)明能滿足設計運用要求，填補了國際的空白，且迅(xun)速(su)失掉推行(xing)使(shi)用。
理論證明(ming)，用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)替代(dai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋混凝土停止涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)，無論從施(shi)工(gong)周(zhou)期、施(shi)工(gong)造價、環保意義等方面都有其不可比較(jiao)的(de)(de)優越性，且(qie)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)停止涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)，可大大進(jin)步(bu)(bu)路(lu)途行車(che)的(de)(de)舒過度(du)與平安性，防止路(lu)途中(zhong)涵(han)(han)洞的(de)(de)“錯臺跳(tiao)車(che)”現形，有利于處理冰(bing)冷(leng)霜凍地(di)域(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)砼(tong)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)構造的(de)(de)毀壞成績。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)洞次要在(zai)我國南(nan)方冰(bing)冷(leng)霜凍地(di)域(yu)(yu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)失掉推行運用(yong)，有關科(ke)研(yan)設計(ji)(ji)部門正(zheng)在(zai)編寫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)標準(zhun)。置(zhi)信(xin)隨著對(dui)(dui)構造耐久性看法(fa)的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)進(jin)步(bu)(bu)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)波紋涵(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)公路(lu)或(huo)其他工(gong)程中(zhong)將具(ju)有更(geng)寬廣(guang)的(de)(de)使用(yong)前(qian)景(jing)。
經過鋼波紋涵管的施工，既放慢了施工進度，較同類型蓋板涵、拱涵施工比擬具有工期短、造價低、耐久性好、對地基擾動小、對根底要求較高等優點,又給其上的高填方提供了充沛的施工工夫，大大延長了工期，從總體工程思索浪費了投資，是普通涵管無法相比的，在公路新、改建工程、養護大中修工程中發揚了重要的作用。//hanihanbj.com/
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