鋼波紋涵管布(bu)氏(shi)硬度(du)(du)布(bu)氏(shi)硬度(du)(du)試驗是用(yong)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)載(zai)荷F,將直(zhi)徑為D的(de)淬(cui)火鋼球或硬質合(he)金球,在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)壓(ya)力(li)作用(yong)下,壓(ya)人被(bei)測材料的(de)表面保(bao)持一(yi)定(ding)的(de)時間后卸(xie)去載(zai)荷,以載(zai)荷與(yu)壓(ya)痕表面積的(de)比值作為布(bu)氏(shi)硬度(du)(du)值,用(yong)HBS或HBW表示(shi),如180HBS、250HBW等,其單位(wei)為kgf/mm2,但一(yi)般都不標出(chu)。
材料的韌性對鋼波紋管的產品表現至關重要
波紋涵管目前工(gong)程上通常用(yong)(yong)櫻錘沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)來丈量(liang)(liang)材料的(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)韌性,其原理,先將被測材料制成一定外形(xing)和尺寸的(de)試樣(yang)(yang),安放在沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)機上,把具有(you)一定重量(liang)(liang)的(de)櫻錘提到高度,此時擺(bai)錘位(wei)能(neng)(neng)為(wei),然后讓其自(zi)有(you)著落(luo),沖(chong)(chong)斷試樣(yang)(yang),沖(chong)(chong)斷試樣(yang)(yang)后擺(bai)錘剩余的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)gH2,擺(bai)錘沖(chong)(chong)斷試樣(yang)(yang)所(suo)消(xiao)耗的(de)位(wei)能(neng)(neng)為(wei)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)吸收(shou)功,用(yong)(yong)符號Akv表(biao)示,單位(wei)為(wei)J,即(ji)Akv=g(H1-H2)J。
鋼波紋涵管
波紋涵管洛氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)法(fa)的長處:丈量簡樸(pu)、迅速,并可(ke)測(ce)薄的試樣(yang)(yang)和硬(ying)(ying)的材(cai)料(liao),但不(bu)如(ru)用布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)法(fa)正確(que)。當HBS>220時,HRC/HBS約即是1/10。波紋涵管硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)也是材(cai)料(liao)重要(yao)的力學機能指標,硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)和強度(du)(du)一樣(yang)(yang),都反映(ying)了材(cai)料(liao)對(dui)塑性變形的抗(kang)力,硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試驗方(fang)法(fa)較簡樸(pu),又不(bu)損壞零件,故在出產實踐中往(wang)往(wang)通過測(ce)定材(cai)料(liao)的硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)來估算其強度(du)(du)指標。
洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)值可從(cong)洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)計(ji)刻度(du)盤上直(zhi)接讀出。波紋涵(han)管用(yong)(yong)洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)計(ji)可以丈量(liang)從(cong)軟到硬的(de)(de)各種不(bu)同(tong)材料(liao),這是由于(yu)它采用(yong)(yong)了不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)壓(ya)頭(tou)和載荷,組成各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)標尺,如HRA、HRB、HRC等。一般出產(chan)以HRC(用(yong)(yong)120度(du)金剛石(shi)圓錐(zhui)體作壓(ya)頭(tou),載荷為(wei)1500N)用(yong)(yong)得多(duo),波紋涵(han)管硬度(du)值的(de)(de)標注方法與(yu)布氏(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)相同(tong),硬度(du)值的(de)(de)有效范圍為(wei)20~70HRC。
鋼波紋涵管硬度還(huan)影響到材(cai)(cai)料的(de)耐磨性,在一般情況(kuang)下,硬度高(gao)時(shi)(shi)其耐磨機(ji)能也較好。波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)韌性波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)韌性是指材(cai)(cai)料抵擋沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)載荷的(de)能力。波紋(wen)(wen)涵(han)(han)管不(bu)少機(ji)器零(ling)件(jian),如沖(chong)(chong)(chong)床的(de)連(lian)桿(gan)、鍛錘的(de)錘頭、火車掛鉤、沖(chong)(chong)(chong)模(mo)等,在工作時(shi)(shi)要承受沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)載荷、假如仍用靜載荷作用下的(de)強度極限(xian)指標來進行設計計算,就(jiu)不(bu)能保證這些零(ling)件(jian)工作時(shi)(shi)的(de)安全性,必需同時(shi)(shi)考慮(lv)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)韌性。
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