液壓(ya)成形(xing)和機械成形(xing)是鋼波紋涵管制造行業常用的(de)工藝。它適于具有(you)(you)良(liang)好塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)銅(tong)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)、不銹鋼、彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)及(ji)高溫合金(jin)(jin)(jin)等(deng)材料,用于制造U型(xing)(xing)(xing)、S型(xing)(xing)(xing)、Ω型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)波型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)波紋管,具有(you)(you)的(de)適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)和良(liang)好的(de)工藝性(xing)(xing)(xing)。虛焊造成絲網套拉脫液壓成形是金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬波紋管應用、常見(jian)的(de)一種成形方(fang)法(fa)。
液(ye)壓成型在鋼波(bo)紋涵管中的實際應(ying)用(yong)方法
由于(yu)(yu)焊接質量的(de)(de)原因,使波紋(wen)管(guan)、環(huan)和鋼(gang)絲(si)網(wang)套(tao)在三位一體(ti)焊接過(guo)程中造成(cheng)部份鋼(gang)絲(si)的(de)(de)虛(xu)焊(過(guo)燒或末(mo)焊上)。這樣軟管(guan)裝入管(guan)路后(hou)由于(yu)(yu)鋼(gang)絲(si)受力不均,在介質壓力作用下,虛(xu)焊處鋼(gang)絲(si)先(xian)拉(la)脫(tuo),使整個鋼(gang)絲(si)網(wang)套(tao)拉(la)脫(tuo),致(zhi)使波紋(wen)管(guan)外鼓失效(xiao),發(fa)生危(wei)險(xian)。
鋼波紋涵管(guan)
金屬(shu)軟管(guan)(guan)接(jie)頭(tou)(內連(lian)接(jie)部分)焊接(jie)質量缺陷,造成(cheng)軟管(guan)(guan)泄漏失效(xiao)機械液壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)是將管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)先用滾壓(ya)(ya)方法向(xiang)內滾形(xing),然后用液壓(ya)(ya)方法向(xiang)外脹形(xing)成(cheng)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)。機械液壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)的波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan),由于波(bo)(bo)峰、波(bo)(bo)谷都(dou)參(can)加了變形(xing),都(dou)達到(dao)了強化,對提高(gao)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)彈(dan)性起到(dao)了良好的作用,是制(zhi)造深波(bo)(bo)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)的一(yi)種有效(xiao)工藝方法。
當(dang)后剩余的(de)鋼絲不(bu)足以承受(shou)(shou)波紋(wen)管(guan)的(de)內(nei)壓(ya)及(ji)熱膨脹(zhang)載荷時(shi)全部(bu)被過(guo)(guo)載拉斷。在缺(que)少(shao)絲網依托下,波紋(wen)管(guan)發生瞬(shun)時(shi)過(guo)(guo)度彎曲變(bian)形而在焊縫的(de)薄弱區撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)失效,導致軟管(guan)斷裂(lie)(lie)。安裝不(bu)當(dang),造成絲網拉斷軟管(guan)在安裝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,由于安裝不(bu)當(dang),或承受(shou)(shou)壓(ya)力過(guo)(guo)高時(shi),軟管(guan)將受(shou)(shou)到拉伸及(ji)扭(niu)曲作用。
主要用(yong)來制造環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan),可(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)壁(bi)厚0.08~4mm的波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)。波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)液(ye)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是管(guan)(guan)坯在(zai)受(shou)內壁(bi)液(ye)體壓(ya)力(li)下,當(dang)壓(ya)力(li)超過(guo)金屬(shu)強度后,在(zai)專用(yong)模(mo)(mo)具內成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)。橡(xiang)膠成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是脹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的一種。它(ta)是以(yi)橡(xiang)膠為成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凸模(mo)(mo),在(zai)壓(ya)力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下像膠凸模(mo)(mo)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),把管(guan)(guan)坯按凹模(mo)(mo)型腔成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方式通常是單波(bo)(bo)連續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing),包括旋壓成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)、滾壓成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)和機(ji)(ji)械膨脹等工藝(yi)(yi)方法(fa)。一般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo)機(ji)(ji)械成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)具有工藝(yi)(yi)簡單、工裝制造(zao)容易,生產效率高等優點。同時(shi)也存(cun)在產品制造(zao)比較(jiao)(jiao)粗(cu)糙,性能不高等缺點。它較(jiao)(jiao)多應用(yong)于螺旋波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan),波(bo)紋(wen)膨脹節、大(da)直(zhi)徑厚壁(bi)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)的(de)制造(zao)。
當拉伸或(huo)扭曲產生的(de)應力超出軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼絲網(wang)(wang)套的(de)極(ji)限強度時,會使(shi)軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)位(wei)一體焊接(jie)(jie)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)的(de)網(wang)(wang)套或(huo)其它部(bu)(bu)位(wei)的(de)網(wang)(wang)套拉斷(duan),進而使(shi)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)鼓(gu)拉伸破壞,引起原(yuan)油泄漏。軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體在(zai)與軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)焊接(jie)(jie)時,當操作不當時,會產生焊接(jie)(jie)缺陷(xian),而這些缺陷(xian)在(zai)試壓檢查時又很難(nan)發現。當軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)接(jie)(jie)入介質(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路,長期(qi)使(shi)用后會因疲勞(lao)等原(yuan)因,使(shi)缺陷(xian)處發生裂紋(wen)或(huo)斷(duan)裂,終造成輸送管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路的(de)介質(zhi)泄漏。
波(bo)紋管(guan)的(de)波(bo)紋成(cheng)(cheng)形是制(zhi)造(zao)波(bo)紋管(guan)的(de)關鍵工藝(yi)。目前常用(yong)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)形方法(fa)有:液壓成(cheng)(cheng)形、機械成(cheng)(cheng)形、橡(xiang)膠成(cheng)(cheng)形、焊接成(cheng)(cheng)形、電化學成(cheng)(cheng)形等。金屬軟管(guan)外套絲網在沿(yan)海含氯離子的(de)潮濕(shi)大氣介質及拉應力(li)共同作用(yong)下(xia),部分(fen)發生氯離子應力(li)腐蝕(shi)(shi)并斷裂(lie),部分(fen)點蝕(shi)(shi)后(hou)斷裂(lie),這是一個比較緩慢的(de)逐步斷裂(lie)過程。(hanihanbj.com)
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