跟著鋼波紋涵管在世界各(ge)地的(de)安裝(zhuang)使用(yong),證實(shi)了此種結構在各(ge)種使用(yong)情況(kuang)下的(de)通(tong)用(yong)性。在我國改(gai)革開(kai)放后,深圳(zhen)及大同(tong)煤礦開(kai)始從國外入口成(cheng)品波紋管(guan)涵(han)進行(xing)涵(han)洞施工(gong)。之后,上海市公路(lu)治理處、上海市政工(gong)程設(she)計研究院、上海同(tong)濟大學對金屬波紋管(guan)涵(han)進行(xing)了動(dong)、靜載試(shi)驗,結果表明能(neng)知足設(she)計使用(yong)要(yao)求(qiu),填補了海內的(de)空(kong)缺(que),且迅(xun)速得到推廣(guang)應用(yong)。幕墻一貫反(fan)應用(yong)于我國各(ge)地公路(lu)舉措措施建設(she)當中。
近些年鋼波紋涵管在世界范圍內高速發展
公路(lu)工程的(de)(de)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)洞一般采(cai)(cai)用金(jin)屬(shu)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土制(zhi)作。現采(cai)(cai)用金(jin)屬(shu)波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)代替金(jin)屬(shu)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土進行(xing)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)洞施(shi)工在(zai)海內時一項新技(ji)術,金(jin)屬(shu)波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)以其機能不亂、安裝利(li)便、有利(li)環保(bao)、造價低(di)等長處迅(xun)速在(zai)公路(lu)施(shi)工中(zhong)代替了金(jin)屬(shu)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土施(shi)工的(de)(de)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)洞,發展(zhan)遠(yuan)景非常廣闊。在(zai)公路(lu)施(shi)工中(zhong),應用金(jin)屬(shu)波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)代替金(jin)屬(shu)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土進行(xing)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)洞施(shi)工的(de)(de)歷史已經有100多年(nian)了。1896年(nian),美國(guo)率(lv)提高(gao)前輩行(xing)波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)通(tong)道、涵(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性研究。其后(hou),在(zai)美國(guo)、加拿大(da)、澳大(da)利(li)亞等國(guo)的(de)(de)公路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong),均采(cai)(cai)用了金(jin)屬(shu)波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)進行(xing)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)洞的(de)(de)施(shi)工。1990年(nian),日本高(gao)速公路(lu)設(she)計,規范制(zhi)定了波紋管(guan)(guan)涵(han)(han)(han)(han)設(she)計技(ji)術規范。
金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)波紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)是將薄(bo)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)板(ban)板(ban)面壓成波紋(wen)后(hou),卷制成管(guan)節(jie),可以(yi)增(zeng)加管(guan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)和對(dui)管(guan)軸壓力的(de)(de)(de)(de)抵擋(dang)強度(du);出廠前采用熱浸(jin)鍍鋅工(gong)(gong)藝和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場噴涂瀝青,雙(shuang)層防腐處理保證了使用壽命;用此種管(guan)節(jie)修建的(de)(de)(de)(de)涵(han)(han)洞被稱為波紋(wen)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)涵(han)(han)。實踐(jian)證實,用金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)波紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)代(dai)替金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)筋混凝土進(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)管(guan)從(cong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)造價、環保意(yi)義(yi)等方面都有其不(bu)(bu)可相比的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勝性(xing),且用金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)波紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)(han)進(jin)行(xing)涵(han)(han)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),可大大進(jin)步道(dao)(dao)路(lu)行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恬靜度(du)與安(an)全性(xing),避免(mian)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)中(zhong)涵(han)(han)洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)“錯臺跳車(che)”現(xian)形,有利于解(jie)決西北地區嚴(yan)寒霜凍對(dui)砼管(guan)涵(han)(han)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞題目(mu)。
鋼波紋涵管設計(ji)計(ji)算的參(can)數為剛(gang)度(du)、應(ying)力、有效(xiao)面積、失穩(wen)、答應(ying)位移、耐壓(ya)力和(he)使用壽命。波(bo)(bo)紋管的剛(gang)度(du)計(ji)算,波(bo)(bo)紋管的剛(gang)度(du)按照(zhao)載荷(he)及位移性(xing)質不同,分為軸向剛(gang)度(du)、彎曲剛(gang)度(du)、扭轉(zhuan)剛(gang)度(du)等。目(mu)前在(zai)波(bo)(bo)紋管的應(ying)用中,絕大多(duo)數的受力情況(kuang)是軸向載荷(he),位移方式為線位移。
根據波紋管的結構(gou)特點,可以把(ba)波紋管當作圓環(huan)殼(ke)(ke)、扁(bian)錐殼(ke)(ke)或圓環(huan)板所組(zu)成。設計計算波紋管也就是設計計算圓外殼(ke)(ke)、扁(bian)錐殼(ke)(ke)或團(tuan)環(huan)板。
金屬波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設計的理(li)論基礎(chu)是板殼理(li)論、材(cai)料力(li)學、計算(suan)數學等。波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設計的參(can)數較多,因為波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)系統中的用(yong)途不同,其(qi)設計計算(suan)的重點(dian)也不一(yi)樣。例如(ru),波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)于力(li)平(ping)衡元件(jian),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)范圍內(nei)其(qi)有效面積不變(bian)或(huo)變(bian)化(hua)很(hen)小(xiao),用(yong)于丈量元件(jian),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的彈性(xing)(xing)特性(xing)(xing)是線性(xing)(xing)的;用(yong)于真空(kong)開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)真空(kong)密封(feng)件(jian),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的真空(kong)密封(feng)性(xing)(xing)、軸向位移(yi)(yi)量和疲憊壽命;用(yong)于閥門作(zuo)密封(feng)件(jian),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)應具有一(yi)定的耐壓力(li)、耐侵(qin)蝕(shi)、耐溫度、工(gong)作(zuo)位移(yi)(yi)和疲憊壽命。
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