鋼波紋管制造工藝分為先鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)后成型和(he)先成型后鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)兩種工藝。前者是(shi)用鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)鋼(gang)板(ban)直(zhi)接輾(zhan)軋成型(簡稱CSP),后者是(shi)先輾(zhan)軋鋼(gang)板(ban),然后進行(xing)噴涂(tu)(tu)(tu)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層(ceng),裝配并用鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)螺(luo)栓和(he)螺(luo)母栓固(gu)在一起形成一個圓管(guan)、拱(gong)形管(guan)或其它外形波紋管(guan)(簡稱SPCSP)。當前,后噴涂(tu)(tu)(tu)的涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料已由過去(qu)的僅鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)發(fa)展到(dao)根據壽命(ming)(ming)要求分別噴涂(tu)(tu)(tu)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(鋅(xin)(xin)層(ceng)厚度600g/m2以上)、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)鋁和(he)噴涂(tu)(tu)(tu)聚合物涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)等,壽命(ming)(ming)保證分別達到(dao)50年~100年。
如何能防止鋼波紋管出現裂縫的情況?
鋼質波(bo)紋管(guan)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外有(you)(you)100多年(nian)的制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)歷史,美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)拿(na)(na)大、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)、印度和(he)(he)歐(ou)洲一(yi)些均有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)出產(chan)。美國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)拿(na)(na)大還(huan)設有(you)(you)專門的行(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會(hui),1980年(nian)以來,美國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)拿(na)(na)大等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強了(le)對其應用(yong)(yong)環(huan)境、侵(qin)蝕機理、設計(ji)和(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)等(deng)方(fang)面的研究,建立(li)了(le)一(yi)整套制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工、設計(ji)、使用(yong)(yong)、檢測規(gui)范。2002年(nian)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)鋼鐵協(xie)會(hui)(AISI)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)拿(na)(na)大波(bo)紋管(guan)協(xie)會(hui)聯合出臺(tai)了(le)一(yi)系列(lie)鋼尺度,見表1。近(jin)兩年(nian),美國(guo)(guo)(guo)波(bo)紋鋼管(guan)協(xie)會(hui)(NCSPA)綜合近(jin)幾年(nian)的波(bo)紋管(guan)使用(yong)(yong)情況,又出版了(le)一(yi)系列(lie)的波(bo)紋管(guan)相關手冊,用(yong)(yong)于波(bo)紋管(guan)設計(ji)、制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)。
發達(da)已形成(cheng)鋼制(zhi)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)工業鏈鋼制(zhi)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)又稱金(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)涵(han)、金(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)涵(han)管(guan)、鋼波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)板通(tong)(tong)道(dao)、金(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)板通(tong)(tong)道(dao)、波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鋼管(guan),由(you)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)熱(re)(re)軋(ya)碳(tan)鋼板、不銹鋼板、耐候(hou)鋼板或(huo)者熱(re)(re)鍍鋅熱(re)(re)軋(ya)/冷軋(ya)鋼板(海(hai)內(nei)通(tong)(tong)常用厚度為2mm~6mm的Q235或(huo)SS400熱(re)(re)軋(ya)薄板)加工而成(cheng),帶有波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)形狀并經由(you)耐侵蝕處理(表面鍍鋅、鍍鋁或(huo)噴(pen)涂復合物涂層(ceng))。
從近幾年的(de)(de)鋼(gang)材產量(liang)和(he)消費量(liang)的(de)(de)增長速度看(kan),鋼(gang)鐵產能過剩已是業(ye)界和(he)社(she)會的(de)(de)共鳴(ming)。面臨各種(zhong)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),挖(wa)潛內(nei)部本(ben)錢和(he)開發(fa)高附加值產品是大多數鋼(gang)鐵企業(ye)的(de)(de)應對思路(lu),但在市場充分競爭的(de)(de)今(jin)天,越來越多的(de)(de)鋼(gang)鐵企業(ye)發(fa)現這種(zhong)思路(lu)已難以合(he)用。從國外(wai)發(fa)達(da)鋼(gang)鐵業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展規律(lv)來看(kan),根據自身流(liu)程和(he)裝(zhuang)備特(te)點,向(xiang)鋼(gang)材的(de)(de)下游加產業(ye)延(yan)伸(shen)是一個重要(yao)發(fa)展方向(xiang)。
環保政策(ce)從嚴將迫(po)使中國現有(you)(you)的鋼制波紋涵管制造企業廢(fei)棄先(xian)成型后鍍(du)鋅(xin)工藝,由此帶(dai)來熱軋(ya)重(zhong)鍍(du)鋅(xin)板卷的需(xu)求。因(yin)為應用(yong)研究滯后,我(wo)國相關尺度(du)有(you)(you)良(liang)多不公道的地方,如涂層材料(liao)(liao)方面,我(wo)國尺度(du)中僅有(you)(you)鍍(du)鋅(xin)一種(zhong),鍍(du)鋁和聚合物材料(liao)(liao)尚(shang)沒有(you)(you)。
鋼波紋管安裝就位完畢后,可以將兩(liang)端端墻砌(qi)(qi)(qi)至與波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)頂(ding)一平就不再砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu),波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)頂(ding)部未(wei)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)的部門片石可以排(pai)列兩(liang)排(pai)沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)袋(dai)來擋(dang)土(tu),等到(dao)波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)頂(ding)填土(tu)填至路基(ji)更大設計標高十五日后再將沙(sha)(sha)袋(dai)清理掉砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)上下游的端墻。
目(mu)前在拼(pin)裝波(bo)紋(wen)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場發(fa)現,有(you)(you)些(xie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體頂部還沒有(you)(you)完全終(zhong)止時,就(jiu)將波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)下(xia)游(you)的擋墻(qiang)砌(qi)筑完成(cheng)(cheng)了,這種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方式將存在填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)完畢(bi)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)裂痕(hen)的弊病,因波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)過程中存在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁變(bian)形(xing)(xing),一般(ban)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)量為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)的±0.5-2%,當然(ran)此變(bian)形(xing)(xing)數值和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)側回填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)的密實度有(you)(you)很大的關系。但填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)終(zhong)止后(hou)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不再(zai)變(bian)形(xing)(xing),建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)行(xing)車(che)動(dong)載對其(qi)影響很微小。因此,為防止端(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)裂痕(hen),可采取以下(xia)兩種(zhong)措施(shi)(shi):基礎做好后(hou),上(shang)下(xia)游(you)的片石砌(qi)筑高度和沙礫基礎上(shang)頂面標高一致即可,開始拼(pin)裝波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體安裝就(jiu)位完畢(bi)后(hou),可以采取不砌(qi)筑端(duan)(duan)墻(qiang),而將波(bo)紋(wen)涵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)至路(lu)頂面標高十五日(ri)后(hou)再(zai)砌(qi)筑端(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)。也就(jiu)是波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)終(zhong)止了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁的變(bian)形(xing)(xing)后(hou)。
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