跟著鋼波紋涵管在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)(ge)地的(de)安裝使用(yong)(yong),證實了(le)此種結構在(zai)各(ge)(ge)種使用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況下的(de)通用(yong)(yong)性。在(zai)我國改(gai)革(ge)開放后(hou),深圳及大同煤(mei)礦開始從國外入口(kou)成品(pin)波紋管涵進(jin)行(xing)涵洞施工(gong)。之后(hou),上海市公路(lu)治理處、上海市政工(gong)程設(she)(she)計研究院、上海同濟大學對(dui)金屬(shu)波紋管涵進(jin)行(xing)了(le)動、靜載試(shi)驗,結果表明能(neng)知(zhi)足設(she)(she)計使用(yong)(yong)要求(qiu),填補了(le)海內的(de)空缺,且迅速得(de)到推廣應用(yong)(yong)。幕墻一(yi)貫反(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于我國各(ge)(ge)地公路(lu)舉措(cuo)措(cuo)施建(jian)設(she)(she)當中。
近些年鋼波紋涵管在世界范圍內高速發展
公路工(gong)(gong)程的涵(han)洞一般采用(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)制作。現采用(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)替(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)進(jin)行涵(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)(gong)在海(hai)內時一項(xiang)新技(ji)術,金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)以其機能不亂(luan)、安裝(zhuang)利便(bian)、有利環保、造(zao)價低等長處(chu)迅速在公路施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中代(dai)(dai)(dai)替(ti)了(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的涵(han)洞,發(fa)展遠景(jing)非常廣闊。在公路施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中,應用(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)替(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)進(jin)行涵(han)洞施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的歷(li)史已經(jing)有100多年(nian)了(le)(le)。1896年(nian),美國(guo)率提(ti)高前(qian)輩行波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)通道、涵(han)管(guan)的可行性研究。其后,在美國(guo)、加拿大(da)、澳大(da)利亞等國(guo)的公路建設中,均(jun)采用(yong)了(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)進(jin)行涵(han)洞的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian),日本高速公路設計,規(gui)范制定了(le)(le)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)涵(han)設計技(ji)術規(gui)范。
金(jin)屬波紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)是將薄金(jin)屬板板面(mian)壓成波紋(wen)后,卷制(zhi)成管(guan)(guan)節(jie),可(ke)(ke)以增加(jia)管(guan)(guan)節(jie)的(de)剛度(du)和對(dui)管(guan)(guan)軸壓力的(de)抵擋強度(du);出(chu)廠(chang)前采用(yong)熱(re)浸鍍鋅工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場噴涂瀝(li)青,雙層防(fang)腐處理保證(zheng)了(le)使用(yong)壽命;用(yong)此種管(guan)(guan)節(jie)修(xiu)建的(de)涵(han)洞(dong)被稱為波紋(wen)金(jin)屬管(guan)(guan)涵(han)。實踐證(zheng)實,用(yong)金(jin)屬波紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)代替(ti)金(jin)屬筋混凝土進行(xing)涵(han)洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong),不管(guan)(guan)從施工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)造(zao)價、環保意義等方面(mian)都有其不可(ke)(ke)相(xiang)比的(de)優勝性(xing),且用(yong)金(jin)屬波紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)涵(han)進行(xing)涵(han)洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong),可(ke)(ke)大(da)大(da)進步(bu)道路(lu)行(xing)車的(de)恬靜度(du)與安全性(xing),避免道路(lu)中涵(han)洞(dong)的(de)“錯(cuo)臺跳(tiao)車”現(xian)形,有利于解(jie)決西北地區嚴寒霜凍(dong)對(dui)砼管(guan)(guan)涵(han)結構的(de)破壞題(ti)目(mu)。
鋼波紋涵管設計計算的(de)(de)參數為(wei)剛(gang)度、應(ying)力、有效面積(ji)、失穩、答應(ying)位移(yi)(yi)、耐壓(ya)力和使用壽命。波紋管的(de)(de)剛(gang)度計算,波紋管的(de)(de)剛(gang)度按照載荷(he)及位移(yi)(yi)性質不同(tong),分為(wei)軸向剛(gang)度、彎曲剛(gang)度、扭轉剛(gang)度等。目前在(zai)波紋管的(de)(de)應(ying)用中,絕(jue)大多數的(de)(de)受力情(qing)況是軸向載荷(he),位移(yi)(yi)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)線位移(yi)(yi)。
根據波(bo)紋(wen)管的(de)結構特點,可以把波(bo)紋(wen)管當作圓(yuan)環殼、扁(bian)錐殼或圓(yuan)環板所組成。設計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)波(bo)紋(wen)管也就是設計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)圓(yuan)外(wai)殼、扁(bian)錐殼或團(tuan)環板。
金屬波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)設計(ji)的(de)理(li)(li)論基礎是板殼理(li)(li)論、材(cai)料力學、計(ji)算數(shu)(shu)學等。波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)設計(ji)的(de)參數(shu)(shu)較(jiao)多,因為波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)在(zai)系統(tong)中的(de)用(yong)途不(bu)(bu)同,其(qi)設計(ji)計(ji)算的(de)重點也不(bu)(bu)一樣。例如,波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)用(yong)于力平衡(heng)元(yuan)件,要求波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)在(zai)工作范圍內其(qi)有(you)效面(mian)積不(bu)(bu)變(bian)或變(bian)化很(hen)小,用(yong)于丈(zhang)量元(yuan)件,要求波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)的(de)彈性(xing)特性(xing)是線性(xing)的(de);用(yong)于真(zhen)空(kong)開關管(guan)作真(zhen)空(kong)密封件,要求波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)的(de)真(zhen)空(kong)密封性(xing)、軸向位移量和疲(pi)憊(bei)壽(shou)命;用(yong)于閥門(men)作密封件,要求波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)管(guan)應具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)耐壓力、耐侵(qin)蝕、耐溫度(du)、工作位移和疲(pi)憊(bei)壽(shou)命。
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